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牛角瓜的食疗或药用价值

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牛角瓜的食疗或药用价值
药用价值
牛角瓜具有广泛的药用价值,在印度被认为是传统的药用植物,其根、茎、叶和果等均可药用,具有消炎、抗菌、化痰和解毒等作用,用于麻风病、哮喘、咳嗽、溃疡和肿瘤等疾病的治疗。牛角瓜的乳汁具有强心、保肝、镇痛消炎等疗效,树皮可治癫痫。2009年中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所的相关专家通过从牛角瓜中提取出的具有抗癌作用化合物,令我国又新增2项牛角瓜提取物抗癌新专利。
茎叶的乳汁有毒,含多种强心甙,供药用,治皮肤病、痢疾、风湿、支气管炎;树皮可治癫痫。
性味
淡、涩,平。有毒。
功能主治
祛痰定喘。主治百日咳,支气管炎,哮喘。
用法用量
鲜叶5~8钱,切碎,水煎服,或炖猪瘦肉服。内服:煎汤,1-3g;或入散剂。

化学成分
根含强心甙元:乌斯卡定(uscharitin),乌他甙元(uzarigenin),牛角瓜甙(calotropin),异牛角瓜甙(calactin)。还含三萜类成分:α-香树脂醇(α-amyrin)和β-香树脂醇(β-amyrin),蒲公英甾醇(taraxasterol),φ-蒲公英甾醇(φ-taraxasterol),羽扇豆醇(lupeol)以及它们的乙酸酯(acetate)和3′-甲基丁酸酯(3′-methylbutanoate),24-亚甲基环木菠萝烷醇(24-methylenecycloartanol)。

注意事项
孕妇忌服
毒性
中毒症状为呕吐、下泻,甚则会发生严重的腹痛和肠炎等。
解救方法:早期可给予活性炭、鞣酸蛋白内服,和葡萄糖液注射;或用绿豆1两,甘草、银花各5钱,水煎服。
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